TOEFL IBT/ ITP
For TOEFL IBT, it is wroth noting that
Reading and Listening are adaptive (The test changes difficulty based on your answers.)
For TOEFL ITP, it is wroth noting that
All the questions are multiple choice and there are no writing tasks nor speaking prompts.
READING for TOEFL IBT
TOEFL IBT
1. Complete the Words
sample (1)
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TOEFL IBT
3. Read an Academic Passage
Text (1)
Keystone Species
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
In 1969, ecologist Robert Paine coined the term "keystone species" to describe an organism that has a disproportionately large impact on its environment relative to its abundance. Paine's foundational experiment involved the purple sea star (Pisaster ochraceus), a predator residing in the rocky intertidal zones of Washington state. Sea stars primarily prey on mussels, which are highly competitive space-occupiers. When Paine artificially removed the sea stars from a stretch of shoreline, the mussel population exploded, outcompeting other species for space. Consequently, the local biodiversity plummeted from fifteen species to merely eight.
This phenomenon demonstrated that the sea star, despite its relatively small population size, was crucial in maintaining ecological balance. By keeping the dominant mussel population in check, the sea stars allowed other organisms, such as barnacles and algae, to thrive. The keystone species concept revolutionized ecology by shifting the focus from simply counting species to understanding the complex, interdependent relationships within food webs. It highlighted that the removal of even a single, seemingly unremarkable predator could trigger a domino effect, leading to the collapse of an entire ecosystem.
Questions
1. What is the primary focus of the passage?
A) The anatomy and diet of the purple sea star.
B) The reasons why mussels dominate rocky shorelines.
C) A specific experiment that disproved a theory about ocean life.
D) The concept of keystone species and their vital role in ecosystems.
2. The word "plummeted" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Dropped sharply
B) Stabilized
C) Slowly increased
D) Relocated
3. According to the passage, what was the direct result of removing sea stars from the shoreline?
A) Barnacle and algae populations grew rapidly.
B) Mussels took over the available space.
C) The sea star population migrated to a new zone.
D) Fifteen new species were introduced to the area.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that mussels:
A) rely on barnacles as their primary food source.
B) are naturally preyed upon by the purple sea star.
C) are themselves considered a keystone species.
D) cannot survive in environments with algae.
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TOEFL IBT
2. Read in Daily Life
sample (1)
1. What is the main purpose of this notice?
A) To announce the construction of a brand-new library building.
B) To inform students about temporary facility closures and alternatives.
C) To complain about the noise levels in the West Wing.
D) To ask students for suggestions on how to improve the library.
2. When are students expected to be able to use the West Wing lounges again?
A) October 12th
B) After three days
C) November 2nd
D) At the end of the semester
3. Where should a student go if they need a quiet place to study during the renovation?
A) The Student Union cafeteria
B) The West Wing lounges
C) The East Wing silent study rooms
D) The library's main lobby design a background
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LISTENING for TOEFL IBT
Part A (short dialogues)
sample (1)
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Part B (longer conversations)
sample (1)
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Part C (lectures)
sample (1)
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SPEAKING for TOEFL IBT ONLY (2026)
Part 1: Listen & Repeat (Q1–Q7)
Repeat the sentence exactly as you hear it.
Examples:
1️⃣ The student center will host a cultural festival next Saturday.
2️⃣ Visitors can purchase tickets online before arriving at the museum.
3️⃣ The economics professor postponed the assignment deadline by one week.
4️⃣ Several new restaurants have recently opened near the university campus.
5️⃣ Students are encouraged to participate in volunteer activities during the summer.
6️⃣ The engineering department received funding to develop innovative environmental technologies.
7️⃣ Even though the train arrived later than expected, most passengers remained patient and calm.
Part 2: Take an Interview (Q8–Q11)
Answer 4 questions on the same topic (45 seconds each).
Example Topic: Education
Q8: What subject did you enjoy most in school, and why?
Q9: Do you prefer studying in the morning or at night?
Q10: Do you think technology has improved learning for students? Why or why not?
Q11: How do you think education will change in the next ten years?
Interview Question Types
- Personal Experience
- Preference
- Opinion
- Future Prediction
WRITING for TOEFL IBT ONLY
Task 1: Build a Sentence
sample (1)
Context: The meeting was scheduled for 3:00 PM, but the manager hasn't arrived yet.
Scrambled words: we / should / start / without / him / whether / I wonder Sample Answer: I wonder whether we should start without him.
Context: The new software update seems to be causing my computer to crash.
Scrambled words: how / figure out / to fix / this issue / can / you Sample Answer: Can you figure out how to fix this issue?
Context: I really enjoyed that restaurant we went to last night.
Scrambled words: exactly / it / me / where / remind / is / located Sample Answer: Remind me exactly where it is located.
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Task 2: Write an Email
sample (1)
Prompt Scenario: You are emailing the university housing office to report a problem in your dormitory room. In your email, do the following:
Identify your room number and building.
Describe the maintenance issue clearly.
Ask when someone can come to fix the problem.
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Task 3: Write for an Academic Discussion (Example 3 - Simple)
Professor's Post: Today we are discussing how teachers evaluate students. Do you think it is better for students to be graded on group projects or individual assignments? Why?
Student 1 (Tom): I think group projects are better. In the real world, you have to work with a team. Group projects teach communication skills and how to share responsibilities.
Student 2 (Lisa): I prefer individual assignments. Group projects can be very unfair. Often, one or two people do all the hard work, but everyone in the group gets the same grade.
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Listening for TOEFL ITP ONLY
Structure and Written Expressions for TOEFL ITP ONLY
READING for TOEFL ITP
